对乐东拟单性木兰14个种源种子、苗期以及幼林期生长性状进行了调查分析。结果表明:种子千粒质量、苗高、地径、叶长和叶宽等5个性状在种源间差异极显著;造林保存率种源间差异显著,来自北部的种源,如浙江龙泉种源保存率较高,而来自南部的海南尖峰岭种源保存率较低;幼林期4年生树高、5年生树高和胸径、6年生树高和胸径等5个主要生长性状种源间差异均达到极显著水平,其生长性状广义遗传力为0.855 0.930,说明乐东拟单性木兰幼林期主要生长性状的表型差异主要受遗传因素的控制;乐东拟单性木兰苗高和地径与纬度负相关,表明随种源纬度的升高,乐东拟单性木兰种源苗期生长有减小趋势;乐东拟单性木兰幼林期树高和胸径与经度正相关,与纬度极显著正相关。根据乐东拟单性木兰种源幼林期试验结果,选择出浙江龙泉、福建顺昌和湖南新宁3个优良种源。通过聚类分析,把乐东拟单性木兰种源初步划分为3个区:西部种源区、东部种源区和南部种源区。

1996年从我国樟树全分布区采集50个樟树种源种子,1997年在浙江省余杭市长乐林场进行苗期试验。对1年生樟树苗生物量及相关性状进行调查观测,通过方差分析、相关分析等方法,分析樟树苗期生物量及组成生物量相关性状的种源间差异、苗期生物量与种源产地气候关系以及各性状间的相互关系。结果表明,苗期生物量种源间差异显著;包括苗高和地径在内的各性状之间存在着显著的表型和遗传相关;与苗期单株生物量相关最为紧密的性状是地径(rP=0.847,rG=0.802)。通过无约束指数选择法,评定了各种源的综合表现,并选出广东连州、江西井冈山、福建建瓯、浙江庆元、福建上杭5个苗期表现优良的种源。

The height and DBH of 5 to 7-year trees of filial generation of single parent were tested and analysed in 1997-1999 in second generation seed orchard of Chinese fir(Cunninghamia lanceolata(Lamb.)Hook) in Changle Forestry Center.The results showed that the growth traits of height and DBH were most significantly different among the tested families.The heritabilities of height and DBH of families different years in were 67.02%、73.41%、54.95%、59.18%、55.48% and 47.37% respectively.The genetic gain of families of plus tree of superior provenance and hybrid match was more than that of the families of plus tree of superior families of first generation seed orchard of Chinese fir.The genetic gain of second generation seed orchard was more than that of the filial generation of superior provenance and mixed families filial generation of first generation and 1 and(1.5) generation seed orchard.The selection was effective on material of second generation of Chinese Fir and the second generation seed orchard rebuilding was successful.

对采自8个省(区)的26个南酸枣种源种子在浙江余杭进行了苗期试验。结果表明:南酸枣的苗高、地径、发芽率和发芽株数4个苗期性状在种源间均存在极显著差异,且均有较高的广义遗传力。南酸枣苗木高生长7—8月份为速生期,高生长量占总生长量的79.0%以上,月生长高度在90.0cm以上,7月份前和9月份以后苗高生长量分别只占总生长量的13.9%和7.0%。苗高和地径与种源地理纬度间呈弱度负相关,与经度间则分别表现出0.10和0.01水平的负相关。根据苗高和地径,采用独立选择法选择出南丹、华安、融安和贺州4个苗期较速生的优良种源。采用系统聚类法将种源划分为三大种源区:以南亚热带种源为主的速生种源区,以中亚热带种源为主的中速生长种源区和以中亚热带偏北种源为主的生长相对较慢种源区。

It was demonstrated by cutting experiment of Elacocarpus sylvestris,Liquidambar formosana,Altingia gracilipes,Magnoliaceae skinneriana,Temstroemia gymnanthera,with semi-lignified branches treated by different root-inducing regulator and concentration and substrate at Changle Forest Experamental Station of Yuhang District of Zhejiang in June 2003 year that cutting survival rate,rooting rate,rooting coefficient,length of the roots and the quantity of the new roots of 5 tree species had significant different after six month,and it was different that the reaction of different tree species to rooting-inducing regulator.The best treatment combination of 5 tree species was:Elacocarpus sylvestris:NAA, 250 mg·L-1,rooting rate 97.0%;Liquidambar formosana:IBA,250 mg·L-1,rooting rate 64.5%;Altingia gracilipes:ABT1, 250 mg·L-1, rooting rate 74.6%;Magnoliaceae skinneriana:IBA,500 mg·L-1,rooting rate 56.1%;Temstroemia gymnanthera:IBA,250 mg·L-1,rooting rate 95.2%.The different cutting substrates had significant influence on rooting rate.The substrate No.2 (yellow soil:river sand =7∶3(volume ratio)) was best.

By investigating the key survival and growth indexes, the results showed:(1)the stage of the seeding has the most important effective.The survival rate of the cuttings was the highest by using 1-year-old cuttings.The older the cuttings,the lower the survival rate.(2)There was no obviously rules by using ABT.(3)By comparing the results of covering with black & white plastic velum and no covering,the white one is considered better than the two others.In practice work,the type of A1B1C2 was better.The concentration of ABT could be reduced,but the time of soaking should be prolonged.

采用人工控制授粉的方式,开展了湿地松×洪都拉斯加勒比松(湿加松) 、火炬松×洪都拉斯加勒比松(火加松)的种间杂交育种工作。杂交种育苗和子代测定均采取随机区组设计,并追踪调查了苗高和定植后的树高。结果显示:苗期湿加松和火加松各个组合间的树高差异显著,而定植前2 a由于处于生长初期,部分生长较快的幼树遭受冻害,各组合间树高差异没有达到显著水平;定植第3、4年火加松各组合间高生长差异极显著,而湿加松各组合间的差异也相对加大,但是没有达到差异显著水平。这表明杂种子代生长评价测定至少应该在定植4～5 a之后,其中湿加松的子代测定评价时间应该比火加松的评价时间更晚。一大批表现较优的火加松组合5年生(包括1 a苗期)平均高度达4. 0 m以上,该平均值超过国家速生丰产林林业部标准(H = 4. 0 m) ,国外松杂交育种能够高效选择出优良的松树品种。

The three main economic traits of DBH, DBH of dominant tree and wood basic density of dominant tree in 13-year-old progeny stand from the second-generation seed orchards of Chinese fir in Changle of Yuhang district, Zhejiang province were analyzed. The results showed that three economic traits were highly significant on each trait among the families, and their broad heritability was high. The genetic correlation coefficient was weakly negative correlated among growth traits and wood basic density. The correlation coefficient was significant positive correlated among 3-year-old tree height, 7-year-old tree height and DBH, 13-year-old DBH. Ten better families and individual plants were selected in interim period by index method with two traits of DBH and wood basic density, keeping wood basic density unchanged to compared with experiment population, the average DBHs of the family and individual plant were 7.59% and 59.16% higher than the experiment population respectively.

利用4类松树杂种(火炬松×洪都拉斯加勒比松、火炬松×巴哈马加勒比松、湿地松×洪都拉斯加勒比松、湿地松×巴哈马加勒比松)在浙北7 a和6类松树杂种(火炬松×洪都拉斯加勒比松、火炬松×本种加勒比松、火炬松×巴哈马加勒比松、湿地松×洪都拉斯加勒比松、湿地松×本种加勒比松、湿地松×巴哈马加勒比松)在皖南9 a的树高、胸径和材积指标,研究了不同杂种在不同地点的生长表现。结果表明:不同杂种类型在不同地点的生长差异非常显著。在浙北余杭试验点火炬松×洪都拉斯加勒比松生长最好,其中材积增长超过对照40%的杂交组合有PTCH20、PTCH12、PTCH41、PTCH17、PTCH61和PTCH16共6个,全部是火炬松×洪都拉斯加勒比松,占该试验点所有杂交组合的11.11%;在皖南太湖试验点生长较好的杂交组合多为湿地松×古巴本种加勒比松,少量为湿地松×洪都拉斯加勒比松,同时该地区火炬松×洪都拉斯加勒比松杂种也有生长较好的杂交组合,该地区优良杂交组合(材积超过对照40%)包括PECC1-37、PECH12-9、PTCH13-24、PECC18-55、PECH42、PECC18-32、PECC10-6共7个,占所有杂交组合的28%,包括3个杂交组合类型(湿地松×本种加勒比松、火炬松×洪都拉斯加勒比松、湿地松×洪都拉斯加勒比松)。该结论和国内外关于杂种松的适应性及生长优势研究的结论基本一致,对我国南方不同地区发展速生杂种松具有参考意义。

以乐东拟单性木兰14个种源试验林幼林为材料,利用层次分析方法对其进行综合评价。研究结果表明:乐东拟单性木兰树高、胸径、树冠浓密度、叶面积、造林保存率和叶色6个性状地理种源差异显著,改良潜力大;这6个性状的广义遗传力分别为0.835、0.811、0.857、0.823、0.950、0.708,说明环境因子对这些性状的影响较小,而遗传因子对其影响较大。通过层次分析法对14个乐东拟单性木兰种源进行分析,乐东拟单性木兰种源优劣排序为:SC >XN >LQ >JL >SZ >RS > CJ >MX >QY >LP >RJ >LN >LD >JFL。其中福建顺昌、湖南新宁、浙江龙泉和福建将乐4个种源在浙北地区具有推广和应用价值,而江西龙南、海南乐东及海南尖峰岭3个种源在浙北地区的生长、适应和观赏性状表现较差。